DeLay Conspiracy Charge Relies on Little-Used Texas Law

AUSTIN, Texas – A little-used Texas law could decide the future of Rep. Tom DeLay, the former House majority leader who is charged with conspiracy and money laundering in an alleged campaign-finance scheme.

Grand jurors looking into 2002 campaign contributions indicted DeLay (search) on Monday for the second time in less than a week. House rules required him to step down from his leadership post pending the outcome of the case.

"I have not seen a criminal conspiracy case in Texas for a long, long time," said Austin-based defense attorney Ray Bass (search), who is not involved in the DeLay case. "In the last 20 years, I can't even think of one."

• Click here to read DeLay's money laundering indictment (FindLaw)

• Click here to read DeLay's criminal conspiracy indictment (FindLaw)

Rather than relying on conspiracy charges, Texas prosecutors often use an alternative law known as the state's "parties statute," which allows them to accuse or implicate groups of people who allegedly participated in a crime together, Bass said.

The use of the rarely invoked conspiracy law suggests that prosecutors are getting "very inventive" in their case against DeLay, Bass said.

DeLay was first charged with conspiracy to violate the state election code, which bans the direct use of corporate money for political campaigns.

His lawyers filed court papers Monday attacking that charge on technical grounds. Hours later, a new grand jury brought an indictment against DeLay that included one count of conspiracy to launder money and one count of money laundering.

Under Texas law, a conspiracy occurs if someone agrees with one or more other people to commit a felony, and if someone in the group performs an overt act to carry out that plan. The agreement can be inferred, Bass said.

State prosecutions rarely rely on conspiracy, said George Dix, a law professor at the University of Texas. Bass said both conspiracy and money laundering charges are more often seen in federal court, where money laundering is almost exclusively connected to drug cases.

The indictment claims DeLay's political committee, Texans for a Republican Majority (search), accepted corporate contributions and then sent $190,000 to the Republican National Committee with a list of seven Texas state House candidates that should receive contributions. The committee then allegedly issued checks to the candidates for a total of $190,000.

Prosecutors have argued that was a violation of the state's ban on the use of corporate money in local election campaigns.

DeLay defense attorney Dick DeGuerin believes the new indictment replaces the first. But District Attorney Ronnie Earle (search), in a statement released Tuesday, said prosecutors would press ahead with all three charges, and the final decision would be resolved by a judge.

Earle's office said prosecutors found new evidence over the weekend and presented it to the grand jury on Monday, leading to the new indictment against DeLay. Earle did not release any details about the new evidence.

The previous grand jury had declined to indict DeLay on the additional allegations, the statement said.

"Out of an abundance of caution because of the passage of time, the district attorney's office presented some evidence of those allegations to another grand jury. That grand jury declined to indict on the last day of its regular term," on Sept. 28, the statement said.

DeLay is accused with associates John Colyandro and Jim Ellis in the campaign-finance scheme allegedly hatched to boost Republicans to victory in state House races in 2002. The GOP won a majority in the House that year and took control of the chamber in January 2003 for the first time in 130 years. The Republican-controlled Legislature then passed a GOP-leaning congressional redistricting plan brokered by DeLay that put more Republicans in Congress.

DeGuerin argued the original indictment was based on a conspiracy provision that the Legislature added to the law in 2003. The indictment alleges that the illegal acts date to 2002.

DeGuerin accused Earle of "trying to patch up a terrible blunder he made last week for indicting Mr. DeLay for something that wasn't a crime."

DeGuerin also said both of DeLay's co-defendants were offered "sweet deals" by the prosecutors if they pleaded guilty to a minor charge and testified against DeLay. Both men refused, DeGuerin said.

Colyandro's lawyer, Joe Turner, said he never publicly discusses negotiations he has with prosecutors, but he said Colyandro does not have any information that would help the government.

Ellis attorney J.D. Pauerstein said various resolutions were discussed, but none was accepted because they all "involved us pleading guilty to crimes and we haven't committed any crimes."

In another development, DeGuerin said DeLay withdrew his agreement to waive the statute of limitations in the case. That means prosecutors have only up to three years after the alleged crimes to bring a charge of conspiracy or money laundering. Because the case is based on actions during the 2002 election season, time is running out this fall to pursue charges.

If convicted of money laundering, DeLay and his associates could face five years' probation or up to life in prison. The possible penalty for a conspiracy conviction is up to two years in state jail.

DeLay is scheduled to appear in court Oct. 21.