Breast cancer: Straight talk amid often confusing information

Breast cancer: What you need to know

Breast cancer: Everything you need to know including risk factors for gender, race, and age.

The American Cancer Society estimates 276,480 new invasive cases of breast cancer in U.S. for 2020, with more than 42,000 projected deaths. The number of breast cancer survivors in the U.S exceeds 3.5 million.

We have come a long way in regards to the five-year survival rate for breast cancer. The current five-year survival rate in the United States is 90 percent, compared with 75 percent in the 1970s. This is a result of early screening and detection. The most important screening tool is a mammogram, which is about 90 percent effective at diagnosing breast cancer early.

Key statistics for breast cancer (according to BreastCancer.org):

About 1 in 8 American women will develop invasive breast cancer over the course of her lifetime.
For women in the United States, breast cancer death rates are higher than those for any other cancer, besides lung cancer.
About 85 percent of breast cancers occur in women who have no family history of breast cancer. These occur due to genetic mutations that happen as a result of the aging process and life in general, rather than inherited mutations.
The most significant risk factors for breast cancer are being a woman and being older in age.
Besides skin cancer, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among American women.

Inherited mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes notably increase the risk of female breast and ovarian cancers, and other types of cancer too. Many women want to know if they should get the BRCA gene test. While it is important to discuss this test with your doctor, most experts agree that BRCA testing may be appropriate for women who have a personal or family history that suggests the possible presence of a BRCA mutation.

Family history factors that are associated with an increased likelihood of having a BRCA mutation include having been diagnosed with breast cancer before age 50, cancer in both breasts in the same woman, both breast and ovarian cancers in either the same woman or the same family, multiple breast cancers, two or more primary types of BRCA1- or BRCA2-related cancers in a single family member, cases of male breast cancer, or Ashkenazi Jewish ethnicity.

What are the risk factors for breast cancer?

Age. Risk correlates with age. About 2 out of 3 invasive breast cancers are found in women aged 55 or older, while 1 out of 8 is found in women younger than 45.
Gender. Being a woman is the main risk factor. Men can get it too, but it is about 100 times more common among women.
Family history. Risk is doubled if you have a first-degree relative (i.e. sister, mother, daughter) who has been diagnosed with breast cancer.
Genetics. About 5 percent to 10 percent of breast cancers are thought to be hereditary, caused by abnormal genes passed from parent to child.
Personal history. If you have previously had breast cancer, you are more likely to develop cancer in the other breast or a different part of the same breast. This risk is different from the risk of recurrence.
Race/Ethnicity. Caucasian women have a slightly higher risk of developing breast cancer compared with African American, Hispanic and Asian women. However, African American women are more likely to develop more aggressive, more advanced-stage breast cancer that is diagnosed at a young age and are more likely to die from the disease.