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South Africa's deputy president is testifying before a panel that is investigating the deaths of nearly 50 people, including several dozen who were shot dead by police, during labor unrest at platinum mine operations in 2012.

Deputy President Cyril Ramaphosa on Tuesday was questioned about whether he could have done more to prevent the violence, which shocked South Africans and reminded some of mass killings during the era of white minority rule that ended in 1994.

At the time of the 2012 violence, Ramaphosa was not deputy president but had a prominent role in the ruling party, the African National Congress, and was also a director and shareholder of the Lonmin mining company. The police killings of protesters occurred at a Lonmin mine in Marikana, near Rustenburg.