FILE - In this March 12, 2013 file photo, James Holmes, left, and defense attorney Tamara Brady appear in district court in Centennial, Colo. for his arraignment. Lawyers for Holmes, the man accused of killing 12 people and injuring 70 in a Colorado movie theater, said Tuesday May 7, 2013 he wants to change his plea to not guilty by reason of insanity. (AP Photo/The Denver Post, RJ Sangosti, Pool, File) (The Associated Press)
DENVER – The man accused in the deadly Colorado theater shootings wants to change his plea to not guilty by reason of insanity, potentially delaying the trial for weeks or even months while doctors evaluate his mental state and lawyers argue over the constitutionality of the state's insanity law.
James Holmes' attorneys filed court papers Tuesday announcing his intentions.
Holmes is charged with more than 160 counts of murder and attempted murder in the July 20 attack that killed 12 people and left 70 injured at a suburban Denver theater. Prosecutors announced last month they would seek the death penalty.
Holmes was widely expected to plead insanity, given the compelling evidence against him. But his lawyers delayed it for weeks, saying state laws on the death penalty and insanity overlap in ways that could severely hamper his ability to mount a defense against the death penalty.
One of their worries: If Holmes doesn't cooperate with the doctors who will evaluate him at the state mental hospital, he could be barred from calling witnesses to testify about his mental condition during sentencing. That would make it nearly impossible for his lawyers to use his mental state as an argument against the death penalty.
"If you don't cooperate during the evaluation phase, you lose the right to call witnesses in your own behalf who could help convince a jury that your life should be spared," said Karen Steinhauser, an adjunct law professor and former prosecutor.
It's not clear how cooperation is defined, she said, and the question hasn't been tested in court since the laws were changed to their present form in the late 1990s.
Two judges previously refused to address the constitutionality question, saying Holmes couldn't challenge the insanity law unless he entered an insanity plea first. That gave his lawyers little choice but to enter the plea and then try to make their case against the law.
Their filing Tuesday made it clear they are not giving up their right to challenge the laws, Steinhauser said.
Holmes was supposed to enter a plea March 12, but his lawyers said he refused to do so because the constitutional questions prevented them from giving him good advice. The judge in charge at the time, William Sylvester, entered a standard not guilty plea for him.
Sylvester withdrew from the case April 1, saying his administrative duties as chief judge of the district wouldn't allow him enough time. Sylvester assigned District Judge Carlos Samour to take over.
Samour must approve the new plea before Holmes is allowed to enter it, and he has said state law requires the defense to give an explanation before he does so. Steinhauser said she doesn't think that will be an issue.
Samour said he would hear arguments from the defense and prosecutors about the new plea at a hearing Monday.
If the judge does accept the plea, Holmes would be sent to the state mental hospital, where doctors would determine whether he was sane at the time of the shootings. If the doctors do determine Holmes was insane, a jury could still find him guilty.
Holmes' attorneys repeatedly have said in court hearings and documents that Holmes is mentally ill. He was being seen by a psychiatrist before the attack.
Holmes had sent the psychiatrist a notebook that media reports said included crude drawings of violence. Prosecutors might renew their request to see the notebook, because state law gives them access to some medical records of defendants who plead not guilty by reason of insanity.
Prosecutors backed off their previous attempt to see the notebook when Holmes' lawyers said it was protected by doctor-patient privilege.
It's unclear how long the mental evaluation would take, but it would further delay the proceedings, which already have taken nearly 10 months. The trial is not scheduled to start until Feb. 3, and even that likely would be pushed back by the mental evaluation.
Tom Sullivan, whose son Alex was killed in the attack, said prosecutors have warned victims that an insanity plea would delay the case.
"We're just mortified that this is the process that we're going through, and we still have a long way to go," Sullivan said Tuesday. "I know justice will win out in the end."
Prosecutors declined to comment.
Colorado law defines insanity as the inability to distinguish right from wrong, caused by a diseased or defective mind. The law specifically excludes depravity, "moral obliquity" and passion caused by anger, hatred or other emotions from being considered insanity.
Prosecutors say Holmes, 25, spent months buying guns and thousands of rounds of ammunition, donned police-style body armor and opened fire during a midnight screening of the latest Batman movie.
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Associated Press writers Nicholas Riccardi and Catherine Tsai contributed to this report.
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