Survey: 60 Percent of Agencies OK Gay Adoption

NEW YORK – About 60 percent of the nation's adoption agencies (search) now accept applications from gays and lesbians, though resistance remains strong among many church-affiliated agencies, a new survey by a leading adoption institute says.

Adam Pertman, executive director of the Evan B. Donaldson Adoption Institute (search), predicted the holdouts would grow fewer in number as more homosexuals try to become parents.

"We started out near zero, and just within the last decade we're up to 60 percent," Pertman said. "The reality on the ground is way outpacing the policy debate."

Debate over parenting by gays has been an important element in the broader dispute over whether to permit same-sex marriage (search). Opponents of gay adoption say children do best growing up with both a mother and father, and they contend same-sex marriages would make it easier for gays to adopt. Supporters say gays, whether single or as a couple, can provide a loving home for children who otherwise would be in institutions or foster care.

The Donaldson Institute survey did not attempt to estimate the number of children adopted by gays; instead, it surveyed 307 adoption agencies -- 277 private and 30 public -- regarding their policies.

According to the survey, 60 percent of the agencies accept applications from self-identified gays and lesbians, and 40 percent of the agencies have placed children with such parents.

The agencies most likely to place children with homosexuals were either public, private and secular, or Jewish- and Lutheran-affiliated, the institute said. Other agencies that were affiliated with religious denominations were less likely to welcome applications from gays, it said.

Attitudes also varied according to the agencies' focus. The institute said agencies specializing in children with special needs or in international adoptions were relatively more open toward gays.

About half the agencies said they routinely informed birth parents before placing a child with a gay adoptive parent. About one-fourth of the agencies said some birth parents had objected to such a placement or specifically asked that their child not be placed in a gay-led household.

Though a majority of agencies worked with lesbians and gays, only 19 percent made specific efforts to seek them out, the survey found.

Overall, the institute said the findings were good news for gays who want to become parents.

"For homosexuals wishing to become parents, the results paint a more encouraging picture than is often portrayed or perceived," the survey summary said. "Although stereotypes and misconceptions still perpetuate policy and practice... the willingness of adoption agencies to accept gay and lesbian adults as parents means more and more waiting children are moving into permanent, loving families."

Data for the survey was collected in 2001 and 2002, then compiled and assessed for the adoption institute by David Brodzinsky, a psychology professor and adoption expert at Rutgers University.

Florida is the only state that explicitly bans adoption by any gay person; its law is being challenged by gay foster parents backed by the American Civil Liberties Union. Mississippi bans adoption by gay couples, while Utah forbids adoption by any unmarried couple, including gay couples.

In August, the American Bar Association approved a recommendation that all states and courts allow gay partners and unmarried heterosexual couples to adopt children together.

Such adoptions give both parents legal rights and allow children to qualify for inheritance and other benefits from both parents. Currently, many states allow only one unmarried adult to adopt a child, even if the child will live with two adults who act as parents.

The spread of gay adoption had been opposed by many conservative organizations, who say the practice puts gay-rights objectives ahead of children's best interests.

"Unmarried and homosexual partners simply cannot provide the stability that married heterosexual couples can give," says a position paper on the issue by Concerned Women for America.

Officials in Florida have taken a similar stance in defending their ban. Attorney General Casey Walker argued in court that the state has a right to legislate its "moral disapproval of homosexuality" and its belief that children need a married mother and father.